Herbal Profile of Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)

Common Name: Boneset, Feverwort, Sweating Plant
Botanical Name: Eupatorium perfoliatum
Family: Asteraceae (Daisy family)

Description:

Boneset is a perennial herb native to North America, commonly found in moist woodlands, marshes, and along riverbanks. The plant has long been valued in Native American and traditional European herbal medicine for its ability to break fevers and alleviate symptoms of the flu and other viral infections. It produces clusters of white flowers and has distinctive leaves that wrap around the stem, giving the appearance of a single perforated leaf.

Key Constituents:

  • Polysaccharides: Boost the immune system and promote healing.
  • Sesquiterpene lactones: Anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating effects.
  • Flavonoids: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Alkaloids (low levels): May contribute to the plant’s medicinal effects but require caution due to potential toxicity in large doses.
  • Tannins: Astringent, useful in tightening tissues and reducing inflammation.

Medicinal Uses:

  1. Fever and Flu Relief:
  2. Immune System Support:
  3. Digestive Health:
  4. Anti-inflammatory and Pain Relief:
  5. Cleansing and Detoxification:
  6. Respiratory Health:

Forms of Use:

  • Tea or Infusion: Boneset is most commonly consumed as a tea or infusion to treat colds, fevers, and flu. The aerial parts (leaves and flowers) are steeped in hot water to release the medicinal properties.
  • Tinctures: Concentrated tinctures are often used for immune support and fever relief.
  • Poultices: Applied topically, a poultice made from Boneset can be used to reduce inflammation or relieve joint pain.
  • Capsules and Powders: Available for standardized dosing, although less common than teas or tinctures due to the need for careful control of dosing.

Precautions:

  • Toxicity Concerns: Boneset contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic to the liver if consumed in large doses or over long periods. It is recommended to use the herb only during acute illness and not for extended periods. Always use under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
  • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Boneset should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential toxicity.
  • Gastrointestinal Irritation: High doses may cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is important to start with small doses and use the herb in moderation.
  • Allergies: Individuals allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed, daisies, or marigolds) should use caution when taking Boneset, as allergic reactions may occur.

Growing and Harvesting:

  • Climate: Boneset thrives in moist, well-drained soils and prefers partial to full sunlight. It is often found growing in wetland areas and along the edges of streams and rivers.
  • Planting: Propagated from seeds or root divisions, the plant can grow up to 4–5 feet tall and blooms with clusters of white flowers in late summer.
  • Harvesting: The aerial parts of the plant (leaves, stems, and flowers) are harvested during late summer, just as the flowers begin to bloom. The plant is dried for use in teas, tinctures, and poultices.

Traditional and Historical Uses:

  • Native American Medicine: Native American tribes, including the Cherokee and Iroquois, used Boneset to treat fever, colds, flu, and digestive issues. It was often brewed into a tea or chewed for quick relief of symptoms.
  • European Herbalism: Early American settlers adopted the use of Boneset from Native Americans, and it became a staple remedy for "breakbone fever" (dengue fever) during influenza epidemics in the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • Folk Medicine: Boneset was commonly used in folk medicine to "break" fevers and relieve the pain and discomfort associated with illness, particularly during flu season.

Boneset is a powerful traditional remedy for fever, flu, and immune system support. Its historical use in treating fevers and flu-like illnesses makes it valuable during cold and flu season, though it should be used cautiously due to potential toxicity if consumed in large doses or for prolonged periods.