Herbal Profile: Catnip (Nepeta cataria)

Common Names

• Catnip
• Catmint
• Catswort
• Field Balm

Botanical Classification

• Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family)
• Genus: Nepeta
• Species: Nepeta cataria

Description

Catnip is a perennial herb that is native to Europe and Asia but has become widespread in North America. It has a square stem, heart-shaped leaves with serrated edges, and small, tubular flowers that can be white, blue, pink, or lavender.

Active Constituents

• Nepetalactone: The primary chemical compound that affects cats, causing a temporary euphoria.
• Tannins: Known for their astringent properties.
• Flavonoids: Contributing to the herb's antioxidant activity.
• Essential Oils: Including citronellol, limonene, and geraniol, which have various therapeutic effects.

Traditional Uses

1. For Humans:

• Large doses can cause headaches, vomiting, or an upset stomach.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid catnip due to its uterine-stimulating effects.

1. For Cats:

• Safe and non-addictive, with no known harmful effects.
• Overexposure can lead to a temporary decrease in responsiveness to the herb.

Preparation Methods

• Tea: Dried catnip leaves and flowers are steeped in hot water to make a calming tea.
• Tincture: Alcohol-based extract of catnip used for its sedative and digestive properties.
• Infusion: Catnip can be infused in oil for topical applications.
• Dried Herb: Often included in cat toys or sprinkled on surfaces to stimulate cats.

Dosage

• Tea: 1-2 teaspoons of dried catnip in 1 cup of boiling water, steeped for 10-15 minutes.
• Tincture: 1-2 ml, up to three times a day.
• Topical Application: As needed, using infused oil or a poultice.

Safety and Precautions

• For Humans:
• For Cats:

Cultivation

• Growing Conditions: Prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade.
• Propagation: Easily grown from seeds, cuttings, or root division.
• Care: Requires minimal maintenance once established, with occasional watering during dry periods.

Harvesting

• Timing: Best harvested in the late spring or early summer when the plant is in full bloom.
• Method: Cut the stems and leaves, then dry them in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.

Interesting Facts

• Catnip's effects on cats are due to nepetalactone, which binds to olfactory receptors.
• Not all cats are affected by catnip; sensitivity is hereditary and affects about 50-75% of cats.
• Catnip can also repel certain insects, including mosquitoes and cockroaches.

This profile provides a comprehensive overview of catnip, covering its uses, preparation methods, and safety considerations for both humans and cats.